![]() The Nenets shaman is called a Tadibya.Īfter the Russian Revolution, the Nenets culture suffered due to the Soviet collectivization policy. However, only esteemed elders are allowed to unpack the sacred sleigh. The contents of this sacred sleigh are only unpacked during special occasions or for religious rituals (like sacrifices). During migrations, the Nenets placed sacred items like bear skins, religious figures, coins and more on a holy sleigh. They have a shamanistic and animistic belief system which stresses respect for the land and its resources. Along with reindeer meat, fish is a major component in the Nenets' diet. However, the introduction of snowmobiles in the 1990s allowed the Nenets of the Yamal Peninsula to decimate the local wolf population, as the wolves have nowhere to hide on the open tundra. Tundra wolves can cause considerable economic loss, as they prey on the reindeer herds which are the livelihood of some Nenets families. They bred the Samoyed dog to help herd their reindeer and pull their sleds, and European explorers later used these dogs for polar expeditions, because they were well adapted to the arctic conditions. Large-scale reindeer herding emerged in the 18th century. Using reindeer as a draft animal throughout the year enables them to cover great distances. Their main subsistence comes from hunting and reindeer herding. They ended up between the Kanin and Taymyr peninsulas, around the Ob and Yenisey rivers, with only a few of them settling into small communities like Kolva. According to one theory, they moved from farther south in Siberia to the northernmost part of what later became Russia sometime before the 12th century. The Samoyedic languages form a branch of the Uralic language family. A distinct third group of Nenets, ( Yaran people), has emerged as a result of intermarriages between Nenets and Izhma Komi people. There are two distinct groups of Nenets sensu stricto, based on their economy: the Tundra Nenets (living far to the north) and the Khandeyar, or Forest Nenets. Russian–Nenets family (photo uploaded in 2006) It is the general term that includes the Nenets, Enets, Selkup, and Nganasan peoples. Currently, the term " Samoyedic peoples" applies to the whole group of these different peoples. In old Russian, the term Samoyed was often applied indiscriminately to different peoples of Northern Russia who speak related Uralic languages: Nenets, Nganasans, Enets, Selkups (speakers of Samoyedic languages). The people are known as the Nenets, which means "people". Therefore, the name Samoyed quickly went out of usage in the 20th century. The literal morphs samo and yed in Russian convey the meaning "self-eater", which is considered derogatory. As a result, many cite a rise in locally based activism. Today, the Nenets people face numerous challenges from the state and oil and gas companies that threaten the environment and their way of life. In the Russian Federation they have a status of indigenous small-numbered peoples. The Nenets people speak either the Tundra or Forest Nenets languages, which are mutually unintelligible. According to the latest census in 2021, there were 49,646 Nenets in the Russian Federation, most of them living in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Taymyrsky Dolgano-Nenetsky District stretching along the coastline of the Arctic Ocean near the Arctic Circle between Kola and Taymyr peninsulas. The Nenets ( Nenets: ненэй ненэче, nenəj nenəče, Russian: ненцы, nentsy), also known as Samoyed, are a Samoyedic ethnic group native to northern Arctic Russia, Russian Far North. A Nenets family in the Brekhovskie Islands, photographed by Louie Atkinson in 1913 ![]()
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